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Article by: Morshed
I’m sure most of us know about test tube or in-vitro fertilization(IVF) babies and in this post I will talk about everything about IVF.
So first of all, what is IVF? An effective reproduction of humans that uses techniques other than sex between a man and a woman and instead makes use of a medical procedure that controls both the egg and sperm cells for successful fertilisation is known as a test-tube or IVF baby.
Now lets know when and how it started! Prior to the introduction of in vitro fertilisation techniques in the 20th century, babies born by artificial insemination were referred to as "test-tube babies." In 1884, a Philadelphia doctor named William Pancoast successfully carried out the first artificial insemination, which resulted in the delivery of the first test-tube child. Despite the fact that this was the first occurrence of any kind of physician-assisted reproduction, neither the general public nor the media gave the event much attention. The concept of test-tube infants and the implications of their existence came to the attention of the media in the middle of the 20th century as in vitro fertilisation research expanded and reproductive technology continued to evolve. Early in the 20th century, publications started to print pieces on the morality of having children by methods other than human sex. In vitro fertilisation had been extensively studied and reported on by the middle of the 20th century, despite the fact that no successful human reproduction had resulted from its use. But by 1960, it was normal practice to successfully fertilise and reproduce a wide range of animal species in addition to humans. The updated definition of a test-tube baby didn't become a reality until 25 July 1978, thanks to the work of two British medical experts named Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. Their efforts resulted in the birth of the first infant from a zygote fertilised outside of a human body. Louise Brown was the first child to be born by in vitro fertilisation.
Now the question is who is suggested to opt for this treatment. When a couple tries to have babies for a while and fail to do so due to infertility issues like damaged fallopian tube, endometriosis, less production of eggs, genetic issue or person with tubectomy is suggested to follow this pathway.
So you must be curious to know how this process is carried out, so first the patient has to go through a hormonal therapy, The mother initially will receive hormone injections to encourage the growth and maturity of the follicles, and 36 hours before to egg harvest, the HCG is injected to accomplish the ultimate maturation of the eggs. Then a slight sedative is given to the lady before the egg collection procedure so she won't experience any pain or discomfort. The fertility doctor then removes the eggs from the woman's ovaries using an ultrasonography vaginal probe with a tiny hollow needle connected to it. The eggs are then brought right away to the laboratory. Now The father or the donor must provide a fresh semen sample on the same day that the eggs are removed. Its sperm and eggs are combined in a Petri dish, and after a few days, they are placed inside an incubator. The fertility specialist examines the developing embryo within the incubator for any indications of fertilisation and development. Using a thin catheter, the two or three embryos are eventually placed inside the woman's uterus. By thickening the uterine lining, the environment of the uterus is made adaptive for the seed's further growth. For this, progesterone or HCG are suggested.
You must be thinking about the pros and cons of this treatment?
So the pros:
A past pelvic infection, such as appendicitis or chlamydia, may cause a woman's fallopian tubes to become obstructed. When trying to conceive, IVF is the only option available if it has been proven that the fallopian tubes are obstructed. IUI is not a possibility since it needs open, functional fallopian tubes so that a fertilised egg may pass through them and into the uterus, where it may implant. The fallopian tubes are not necessary for IVF since the eggs are taken from the ovaries and the embryo is implanted straight into the uterus.
IUI is typically not a good option if the man's sperm quality or sperm count are problems. IVF is a fantastic alternative since it uses ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), which helps an egg fertilise successfully by injecting the sperm directly into the egg.
Some couples can be at a higher risk than others of having a baby who is atypical. But before they are put in the uterus, embryos may be examined via IVF. By doing this, the likelihood that the child may be born with a disorder for which one or both parents are carriers of the gene is decreased.
As for cons:
Although having twins may not seem to be a drawback to some, the goal of fertility therapy is to only allow you to have one child at a time. Despite the fact that only one embryo may be implanted in the uterus, it is conceivable for one embryo to divide and produce two offspring. And for some it can be tiring or thought of raising two children together runs in the mind too.
During the egg collecting process, not every follicle will have an egg harvested from it. Although it is normal for between 80 and 90 percent of follicles to produce an egg, occasionally fewer eggs are found. On sometimes, no eggs are gathered. In that case, the whole treatment can go in vein and re-doing of the process may need which requires more money.
The IVF procedure can be emotionally taxing. It may be both mentally and physically tiring aswell as financially demanding.
But most women want to taste motherhood and if someone is failing to do so then consulting doctor and following this path may be a great help.
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